TASK: Research and discuss the events that have influenced migration to Australia.  Include primary and secondary sources of information in your description.

The term Migration refers to a group of people or single person who move from one country or region to another to settle there. There are also push and pull factors. These factors are what cause people to leave their home countries. Push factors are the driving factors that have driven people to seek a better or safer life elsewhere. Things like lack of opportunities, war or conflict, unemployment and lack of political or religious freedoms are all examples of this. Pull factors are the ones that make people want to come to another country to live. The types of things that make Australia attractive are things like safety and security, family link, shelter, food or money and better living standards. Since 1788 almost 10 million settlers have moved from across the world to start a new life in our country. These people have arrived in waves described as 'Waves of Migration.' 

The first migrants to  arrive in Australia were the British in 1788. They transported more than 160,000 convicts from their crowded prisons to the Australian colonies. Most of them arrived in New South Wales between 1788 and 1840. Later on in these years free settlers and assisted immigrants chose to migrate to Australia. Most of these people were English agriculture workers or domestic servants. This was just the beginning of migrants coming to Australia.

The discovery of gold just outside the town of Bathurst in 1851 brought people from all over the world to settle on Australian soil. In the years 1851-1861 600,000 people came. 60,000 from Britain and Ireland, 60,000 came from Europe, 42,000 from China, 10,000 from American and 5,000 from New Zealand and the South Pacific. This expanded Australia as a nation, and with many different nationalities we became a more diverse nation. The Chinese people were the ones who mostly flooded the Gold Fields. However many migrants that arrived in this time period came in search for a greater life and to seek greater opportunities. 

Following federation in 1901 Australia formed the immigration restriction act. This was what helped Australia put a stop to the Chinese and South Sea Islanders from entering into Australia. British Australian people believed that cheaper labour would decrease jobs and wages for them. This resulted in them making a dictation test. This was given to any multicultural person who wanted to enter into Australia. They were told to translate a random language into English and if they couldn't do this they were sent back to where they had come from. The idea was to discourage people from multicultural backgrounds from entering Australia. this policy was called the White Australia policy. They used this method for 50 years. 

The aftermath of world war two lead to yet another boost in immigration to Australia. Australia introduced new policy's and programs to try and boost Australia's population. The poster below encouraged the British people to migrate to Australia. It has been divided into three boxes. In the top box on the left are stars in the shape of the southern cross. It was made to be displayed in Britain. Advertisement attracted many people to migrate to Australia. This poster has a star for the men showing that British men and boys were encouraged to migrate in order to settle and work on the land. Another star was for the women showing that women were also encouraged to come migrate to support its development as domestic servants. This poster also refers to the immigration restriction act, as written about in the previous paragraph. The poster shows Australia's preference for the British nation. The use of the Souther Cross invokes images of Australia's clear nights and open country and this combined with the language, creates an impression of adventure and a better life. 

The new policies and programs that were introduced transformed Australia's society. The government started to encourage and assist migrants on their journeys from Europe. The adults were to pay £10 and the children were allowed to come for free. These people became known as the 10 pound poms. The cartoon below refers to assisted migration. The cartoon was made in 1937. This cartoon is showing Joseph Lyon's United Australia Party government trying to increase the population of Australia. The stalks are carrying babies labelled to Australia. This cartoon however does not just deal with the assisted migration but also the birthrate of Australia. If migrants didn't  come to Australia on the assisted migration term, they had to settle in Australia for at least two years. The government did this because they wanted to get the skills of migrant workers to help in massive construction projects. However people from non-European backgrounds were still strictly not allowed in unless they had accomplished the dictation test. 

GLOSSARY 

Migrant: a person/ group of people who move from one place to another in order to find work or better living conditions.

Federation: The process by which separate colonies or states form a unified nation with a central government; the Commonwealth of Australia was established in 1901 after the six colonies were joined. 

Immigration restriction act: Limited immigration to Australia and formed the basis of the White Australian policy which was made to exclude all non-Europeans from Australia. 

Dictation Test: Having to translate a random language into English and if they couldn't do this they were sent back to where they had come from

TIMELINE 

• 1788: First migrants to come to Australia. The British convicts.
• 1850: Gold rush: Migrants come from all over the world
• 1901: Federation: Dictation test.
• 1939: WW2 starts: very few migrants
• 1945: WW2 ends: Encourage European migrants to come
•  

REVIEW QUESTIONS:

1. How did the events of migration affect the migration rates and why?
2. What were the main events of waves of migration?
3. Who were the first migrants to come to Australia?
4. What did the immigration restriction act help with? 
5. Which people became known as the ten pomes?  

Resources: 

http://waves.anmm.gov.au/Immigration-Stories/Immigration-history.aspx Australian National Maritime Museum - Waves of Migration,. 'Immigration History'. N.p., 2015. Web. 

http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/doc/dima_50years.pdf N.p., 2015. Web. 

http://waves.anmm.gov.au/Immigration-Stories/Stories-from-our-collection/The-Lederer-family.aspx Australian National Maritime Museum - Waves of Migration,. 'The Lederer Family'. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 

http://waves.anmm.gov.au/Immigration-Stories/Stories-from-our-collection/Ronald-Smith.aspx

http://vrroom.naa.gov.au/records/?ID=19452 Vrroom.naa.gov.au,. 'Record - Vrroom'. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.

http://tlf.dlr.det.nsw.edu.au/learningobjects/Content/R11318/object/r11145.html Tlf.dlr.det.nsw.edu.au,. 'British Migration To Australia In The 20Th Century'. N.p., 2015. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.

Oxford big ideas australian curriculum geography/history 10. Mark Easton, Geraldine Carrodus, Tim Delany, Richard smith. 22 October 2015

What you need to do:

1. Research and discuss the events that have influenced migration to Australia. Include primary and secondary sources of information in your description.

2. Glossary - link all the key words to definitions in the Glossary

3. Study Notes- Set out the key information from this page using trigger words and colour.

4. Review Questions - Write five study questions based on the information you have presented.

5. Provide Constructive Comments on the work of other students

6. Provide References and Sources for all of your work

Information

Migration

• Migration: a group of people or a person who moves from one country or region to another to settle there.
• push and pull factors
• push factors
• the driving factors that have driven people to seek a better or safer life elsewhere.
• Lack of opportunities
• War and conflict
• Unemployment
• Lack of political or religious freedom 
• Pull factors
• Things that make people want to come to Australia.
• safety and security
• Family link
• Shelter, food and money
• better living standards 
• Significant events that have infleuened the types of new migrants to Australia.
• The Cold war
• Famine (Africa in the 1980's)
• Yugoslav conflicts in the 1990's
• 'war terror' in Iraq
•  

First Migrants to Australia

• 1788: Arrival of the first British migrants
• defined Australia as a British nation
• 1850: Gold rush
• expanded the population
• more diverse nation
• Chinese flooded the Gold fields
• 1901: Federation
• Dictation test
• known as the white Australian policy  
• 1920:
• Under PM Bruce policy of men, money and market
• large numbers of British migrants
• Aim to develop the countries resources  
• 1930-1945
• Great Depression and WW2
• few migrants
• limited number of refugees from Asia

NOTES 

Since the first fleet has come to Australia in 1788, almost 10 million settlers have moved from across the world to start a new life in Australia. They have a arrived in waves, this is why it is called "Waves of Migration." They were encouraged to come because of events like the 1850 Gold rush or to escape adverse conditions back in there home land. This is what cause many British migrants to come because of the Industrial Revolution's social upheaval in the 19th century. Another event that made them come was the aftermath of the Vietnam War in the 1970s. 

In the years 1788-1868 Britain transported more than 160,000 convicts from its overcrowded prisons to the Australian colonies, this was the formation of the first migration from Europe to Australia.

1793-1850 about 200,00 free settlers and assisted immigrants chose to migrate to Australia. Most of them being English agricultural workers or domestic servants. 

1850s: Gold Rush thousands of Chinese people came to Australia during this period. 

1901-1958: following federation in 1901 Australia made the immigration restriction act. This helped put a stop the Chinese and South Sea Islanders from coming to Australia. This was done by using a dictation test. Was used for the next 50 years. 

Aftermath of WW2: Australia stepped up its immigration with the catchphrase 'populate or perish'. IT accepted more then two million migrants and displaced people from Europe. in the 1970's they went back the the White Australia policy. 

Marking Criteria